Popular Links
Request an appointment
Reserve your spot with our medical team in just minutes.
Paediatric Dermatology
Paediatric dermatology is a specialized field dedicated to diagnosing and treating skin conditions in infants, children, and adolescents. Children are not just "small adults"; their skin is thinner, more absorbent, and prone to different diseases than adult skin. From common issues like eczema and warts to complex genetic conditions or birthmarks, managing skin health in young patients requires a gentle approach that considers the physical comfort of the child and the peace of mind of the parents.
Key Points
-
Paediatric skin conditions often present differently than in adults.
-
Common concerns include eczema (atopic dermatitis), warts, molluscum, and birthmarks.
-
Treatment plans must be practical for parents to apply and comfortable for the child.
-
Early intervention in conditions like eczema can prevent infection and improve sleep.
-
We prioritize a "low-trauma" approach to minimize anxiety for young patients.
What is paediatric dermatology?
This sub-specialty focuses on the unique skin, hair, and nail problems encountered from birth through to age 18. It involves not only treating the skin lesion but also supporting the family, as chronic skin conditions in children often impact the entire household’s routine and quality of life.
Who needs paediatric dermatology?
We see patients ranging from newborns with cradle cap or hemangiomas (strawberry marks) to toddlers with persistent rashes and teenagers struggling with severe acne. Any child with a skin condition that is not resolving with standard GP care or is causing distress should be seen by a specialist.
Contact Smooth Skin Clinic for a gentle and expert assessment of your child’s skin.
Clinical features
The presentation of skin disease in children can vary widely depending on their age and the specific condition. Infants often present with widespread dry, red rashes on the face and body (eczema) or distinct vascular birthmarks that grow rapidly. School-aged children frequently develop viral bumps such as warts on the hands or small, pearly papules (molluscum) on the body. Adolescents typically present with comedones, pustules, and inflammation associated with hormonal acne. Symptoms across these age groups often include intense itching, pain, sleep disturbance due to scratching, or cosmetic concerns that affect self-esteem.
Diagnosis and differential diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually clinical, meaning we can identify the problem just by looking at the skin and taking a history.
-
Visual Exam: We use dermoscopy to look at spots closely without hurting the child.
-
Swabs: If an infection is suspected (like infected eczema), we may take a gentle swab.
-
Biopsy: This is very rarely needed in children and is avoided whenever possible.
-
Allergy Testing: If contact dermatitis is suspected, we may discuss patch testing.
Impact and complications
Skin conditions in children can cause significant physical discomfort, but the secondary impacts are just as real. Sleep: Itchy conditions like eczema are a major cause of sleep deprivation for both the child and parents. Social: Visible conditions like warts, alopecia, or severe acne can lead to teasing or bullying at school. Infection: Children are prone to scratching, which can introduce bacteria (Staph) into the skin, leading to secondary infections like impetigo.
Causes and triggers
-
-
Genetics: Conditions like eczema and psoriasis run strongly in families.
-
Immune System: A child’s immune system is still developing, making them more susceptible to viral infections like warts and molluscum.
-
Infection: Bacterial (Impetigo), Viral (Chickenpox, Hand-Foot-Mouth), and Fungal (Ringworm) infections are common in school environments.
-
Developmental: Birthmarks (vascular or pigmented) occur due to errors in cell development during pregnancy.
-
Treatment Options
-
Topical Therapies Moisturizers, corticosteroids, and non-steroidal creams are the mainstay for eczema and rashes.
-
Cryotherapy Freezing warts or molluscum (only if the child is old enough to tolerate it).
-
Cantharidin ("Beetle Juice") A painless application for treating molluscum bumps in younger children.
-
Oral Medications Antibiotics for infections, or specialized medicines (like Propranolol) for problematic hemangiomas.
-
Education We spend time teaching parents how to apply creams and bandages effectively.
Expectations and Outcomes: Most childhood skin conditions (like molluscum and hemangiomas) eventually resolve on their own, but treatment speeds up the process and prevents complications. Chronic conditions like eczema can be excellently managed to allow for a normal, happy childhood.
Frequently Asked Questions
Have questions about scheduling or what to expect? Here are answers to common inquiries to help you feel fully prepared.
Many children do "outgrow" eczema or see a significant improvement by primary school age. However, some may continue to have sensitive skin or flare-ups into adulthood. Early and effective management is the best way to protect the skin barrier long-term.
No, viral warts are harmless. However, they can be painful (especially on the feet) and spread to other family members. While they often go away on their own eventually, treatment prevents them from spreading or becoming painful.
We always choose the least painful option first. For example, treating molluscum with "beetle juice" (a painless blistering agent) is often preferred over freezing (liquid nitrogen) for young children to ensure they don't develop a fear of the doctor.